By Felicia J. Persaud
News Americas, NEW YORK, NY, Fri. Oct. 10, 2025: When Ian Andre Roberts first came to the United States from Guyana in the mid-1990s, he entered with promise and purpose — a young student on an F-1 visa pursuing higher education and the American dream. Three decades later, that same man sits in U.S. Marshals custody at the Polk County Jail in Iowa, facing federal firearm charges and deportation.
ICE arrests Guyanese national serving as Des Moines Public Schools Superintendent; prior weapons charges and in possession of loaded handgun at time of arrest
His story is headline-grabbing, yes – a former school superintendent accused of overstaying visas, applying for Green Cards multiple times, and ending up in ICE custody. But beneath the scandal lies something larger: a broken, bewildering immigration system that often lures talent and then traps it in bureaucracy.
A Tangled Trail Of Paperwork
According to the Department of Homeland Security, Roberts cycled through two visas, four Green Card applications, and multiple employment-authorization filings over thirty years. He first arrived on a B-2 tourist visa in 1994, returned on an F-1 student visa in 1999, and began applying for work permits and permanent residency in the early 2000s.
Each petition was eventually denied, yet those temporary approvals gave him valid Social Security and employment documents — credentials that likely helped him continue working and rising through school administrative ranks. By 2024, an immigration judge had ordered him removed in absentia and this April, an immigration judge in Dallas denied Roberts’ motion to reopen his case. Still, he remained in public service until ICE agents arrested him on September 26, 2025.
The Legal Path That Rarely Works
For context, the F-1 student visa is meant to be temporary. It allows full-time study but requires proof of intent to return home. After graduation, F-1 holders may apply for Optional Practical Training, (OPT) – a short-term work permit that can lead to the H-1B visa for skilled workers. From there, many try to obtain permanent residency.
But for thousands, the path ends in frustration: visa backlogs stretch years, employers drop sponsorships, or minor paperwork lapses wipe out legal status overnight. It’s a tightrope that even the most diligent applicants can fall from.
How An F-1 Can Legally Become A Green Card Holder
1. Obtain An Immigrant Petition
- Employer Sponsorship: A U.S. employer may sponsor the graduate for an employment-based Green Card (EB-1, EB-2, or EB-3), usually after an OPT period.
- Self-Petitioning: Those with exceptional ability or national-interest work can file independently through EB-1 or EB-2 NIW.
- Family-Based: Marriage to, or sponsorship by, a U.S. citizen or Green Card holder is another route.
- EB-5 Investment: A significant investment in a U.S. business can qualify under the EB-5 program.
2. After Petition Approval – Apply for Adjustment of Status
- Form I-485: Once the petition is approved and a visa number available, the applicant files Form I-485 to adjust status.
- Biometrics & Interview: Fingerprints, photos, and an in-person interview follow.
3. Maintain Legal Status
- The applicant must remain in lawful F-1, OPT, or H-1B status until the Green Card is granted.
- Travel abroad while the I-485 is pending can jeopardize approval.
4. Other Options
- Diversity Visa Lottery (“Green Card Lottery”).
- Asylum or Refugee Status if the person faces persecution at home.
Each step demands near-perfect timing and compliance – a challenge for anyone navigating shifting laws, fees, and political agendas.
Bureaucracy Meets Human Reality
Dr. Roberts’ long record of denials and temporary authorizations illustrates a system where compliance often collides with survival. Many foreign students build lives here – earning degrees, paying taxes, leading communities – only to discover that one missed renewal or lost employer can erase everything overnight.
The Roberts case may now be weaponized politically, but it also exposes how easily the system breaks down. Even ICE admits that its databases, courts, and state agencies rarely sync – a gap that lets some slip through cracks while others are detained or deported without warning.
The Bottom Line
From F-1 student to detained superintendent, Ian Roberts’ trajectory reveals a bureaucracy where the line between “legal” and “illegal” is not moral but mechanical. His case forces a hard question: how many other professionals, educators, and graduates are caught in the same endless maze – doing everything right until the system itself fails them?
Until Congress fixes the pathway from temporary visa to permanent status – and brings consistency, transparency, and humanity to immigration law – we’ll keep seeing stories like this: of dreams deferred, paperwork denied and lives undone.
Felicia J. Persaud is the founder and publisher of NewsAmericasNow.com, the only daily newswire and digital platform dedicated exclusively to Caribbean Diaspora and Black immigrant news across the Americas.
